Fig. 3

Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) and Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) distribution for surface water and sludge treated soils compartment. The PEC and pSSD distribution is in blue (water compartment) or black (soil compartment) and red colour respectively. Probabilistic species sensitivity distribution (pSSD) which reflects the no observed effect concentration data compared to the probability distributions of predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of Au-NP in surface water and sludge treated soils in the UK and the US. Environmental risk could occur where the PEC overlaps the pSSD (not the case for Au-NP)