Fig. 19
Percentage (%) cell death levels and morphological analysis of the multicellular model of the epithelial tissue barrier following 24 h exposure to both LiCoO2 nano-sized and micron-sized particles. a Table shows quantification of the average % cell death levels of propidium iodide stained cells at the three tested concentrations (low, medium and high), as analysed via one-colour flow cytometry analysis. Asterisks indicates a statistically significant increase in the % level of cell death within the multicellular in vitro system compared to the negative control (i.e. cell culture medium only) (p > 0.05) (n = 3). b Confocal laser scanning microscopy images show F-actin cytoskeleton (red) and the nuclei (blue) staining of the complete multicellular model following exposure to both particle sizes/types at the highest concentration tested after 24 h