Fig. 1

A Effect of NPs on CHO-K1 cells morphology and symmetry under a bright-field microscope: CHO-K1 cells were seeded in 6-well plates and NPs treatment after 24 h stabilisation of cells. CHO-K1 cells treated with ZnO5, MWCNT5, MSN15 and control cells. Photographs were taken after 6 h (a, d, g, and j), 12 h (b, e, h, and k) and 24 h (c, f, i, and l) of treatment without stain. B CHO-K1 cells treated with MSN15 (c and d) MWCNT5 (e and f) ZnO5 NPs (g and h) and control cells (a and b). After 24 h treatment cells were stain with wright stain. 200X and 400X magnification. C Morphological changes of CHO-K1 cells analysed at 24 h post-treatment of MSN15, MWCNT5, and ZnO5 NPs: (i) Area, (ii) Aspect Ratio (iii), Circularity, (iv) Perimeter, (v) Roundness, and (vi) Solidity measurements were taken. The results indicate that CHO-K1 cells on the MWCNT5 treatment surface area increase significantly. The ZnO5 treatment decreases the surface area. The aspect ratio of CHO-K1 cells initially began close to 2, but over 24 h treatment, the ZnO5 decreased significantly higher than the MSN15 and MWCNT5. ZnO5 show highest circularity, whereas MSN15 show lowest circularity compared to control. MWCNT5 treated cells show more elongated or cuboidal morphologies indicated by lower aspect ratios and similar circularities, whereas the ZnO5 treated surface moved toward a circular morphology