Nanovaccine-based strategies for lymph node targeted delivery and imaging in tumor immunotherapy

Table 1 Representative parameters of nanoplatforms affecting lymphatic targeting

Parameters of nanoplatforms	LN targeting methods	Mechanism of LN targeting	Refs.
Surface targeting ligand	Mannose modification	Targeting of CD206 on DCs in LN	[58]
	Trimannose modification	Targeting of CD206 on DCs in LN	[59]
	Anti-DEC205 modification	Targeting of CD205 on DCs in LN	[60]
Surface charges	Negative or neutral charges	Repulsive interaction with extracellular matrix charges	[61]
	Positive charges	Efficient uptake by APCs	[62]
Surface hydrophobicity	Hydrophilic surfaces	High affinity for interstitial water channels	[63]
Sizes	Adjustment diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nm	Passively entering lymphatic capillaries through endothelial connections	[64, 65]
Shapes	Spherical shapes	More efficient uptake by APCs than rod-shaped and cubic nanoplatforms	[66]
Deformability	Softness	Efficiently crossing the lymphatic endothelium and highly efficient uptake by APCs due to flexible mechanical properties	[67]

ISSN: 1477-3155