Table 5 Representative naturally derived nanoplatforms for targeting LNs

Man-RBC-NPs

156.6 ± 4.6 nm

Negative charge: − 20.1 ± 0.7 mV

Mannose, MPLA, hgp10025-33

Targeted ligand modification

Prolonged tumor-occurring time;

Suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in mice

[129]

DCM/HCtSA/OVA

105.41 ± 2.61 nm

Negative charge: − 5.63 ± 0.31 mV

DCM, OVA

Homologous targeting DCs in LNs

Induced potent T-cell immune responses;

Promoted secretion of antitumor-related cytokines

[130]

MOF@FM

145.6 ± 10 nm

Negative charge

FMs

LN-homing capacity

Generated powerful antitumor immune response by direct and indirect T-cell activation in mice

[131]

CpG-SAV-exo

109 ± 10 nm

Negative charge: − 32 ± 1.6 mV

CpG, SAV

Promoting the uptake of APCs

Exhibited stronger in vivo antitumor effects and inhibited tumor growth in mice

[132]

EXO-OVA-mAb

95.6 nm

-

mAb, immunostimulatory EXO

CTLA-4 functionalization of EXO;

Optimal size for LN targeting

Increased the ratio of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)/Treg

[133]

PVP-MPDA@R837

190.1 nm

Negative charge: − 3.54 ± 0.27 mV

PVP, R848

Using R837 as the model immunomodulatory;

Reducing nonspecific interactions in vivo

Induced robust immune activation against tumor cells with photothermal effects of PDA in mice

[134]