Table 6 Representative self-assembling nanoplatforms for targeting LNs

Albumin/AlbiVax

 -

 -

Albumin

“Albumin hitchhiking”

Enhanced both innate and adaptive immunity

[143]

hFTN-RFP

11.74 ± 0.8 nm

Negative charge: − 5.69 ± 0.44 mV

REP

Optimal size for LN targeting;

Excellent biocompatibility of protein NPs

Inhibited melanoma tumor growth in mice significantly

[144]

PAVX

 -

 -

JQ1, ICG

Promoting the maturation of DCs

Induced patient-specific immune responses;

Blocked PD-L1-dependent immune evasion

[145]

α-Ap-FNP

30 nm

 -

α-peptide linked with Ap, CpG

Scavenger receptor class B1 (SR-B1) pathway

Directly elicit potent T-cell mediated immune responses against tumor cells

[146]

DNA-based nanodevice

 -

 -

Antigen (peptide)

TLR agonists (double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and CpG DNA)

Enhancing APC activation;

Reducing nonspecific interactions in vivo

Induced potent antigen-specific CTL responses;

Efficient immune-mediated tumor regression

[147]