Fig. 4

PCAF inhibition significantly interfered with the NF-κB pathway. (a) Cluster heatmap of differentially expressed genes in the control group, M1 group and garcinol group (n = 3 for each group). (b) Venn diagrams comparing the M1 group vs. the control group and the garcinol group vs. the M1 group. (c) Pathways that were significantly enriched in the 579 critical genes identified by KEGG analysis are shown. (d) Biological processes that were significantly enriched in the 579 critical genes identified by GO analysis are shown. (e) GSEA of genes related to TNF-α signaling via NF-κB, inflammation and the IL-6-JAK-STAT3 pathway. (f) The mRNA level of IL-6 in M1 macrophages was decreased after 20 µM garcinol treatment (n = 3). (g) The mRNA level of TNF-α in M1 macrophages was decreased after 20 µM garcinol treatment (n = 3). (h) The mRNA level of IL-1β in M1 macrophages was decreased after 20 µM garcinol treatment (n = 3). ns indicates P > 0.05, and * indicates P < 0.05