Table 1 Raman bands’ attribution for normal breast epithelium and cancer BC cells [19, 44, 45]

850–880

Ring breathing mode of tyrosine and C-C stretch of proline ring, collagen C-C stretching

877 − 876

Tryptophan, proteins. Antisymmetric stretching in phosphatidylcholine, lipids

898–902

C-O-C; C-C skeletal modes

935–950

Proline, C-C skeletal of collagen backbone, polysaccharides including C-O-C skeletal mode

986

stretching C-C or C-O in ribose

1002–1004

Phenylalanine. CH3 rocking coupled with C-C stretching of carotenoids

1033

C-H in-plane-bending mode of phenylalanine

1062–1063

Chain C-C stretch in lipids; C-O and C-N stretch in proteins; O-P-O stretch in DNA and RNA

1081–1096

O-P-O (stretching PO2) symmetric (Phosphate II) of phosphodiesters, C-C stretching lipids, P-O stretching in phospholipids, C-N stretching in nucleic acids

1125–1126

C-C stretching in lipids; C-N stretching in proteins; C-O in glucose

1155–1557

C-C (and C-N) stretching of proteins and carotenoids

1174–1176

C-H in-plane-bending mode of tyrosine and carotenoids

1207–1209

stretching mode in phenylalanine tyrosine and hydroxyproline

1254–1259

Amide III, adenine, cytosine (protein β-sheet)

1268–1278

Amide III (α-helix), collagen

1298–1303

C-H2 twisting of lipids, phospholipids, and fatty acids

1310

C-H3 C-H2 twisting mode of collagen/lipids

1317–1318

CH2 twist and bend (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids)

1335–1342

C-H3 C-H2 wagging mode of collagen, C-H2 twist and bend (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids); C-H3 of Nucleic Acid and C-H2 wagging mode of collagen;

1448–1453

C-H2 bending mode of proteins. C-H2 (overlapping) asymmetric CH3 bending, and CH2 scissoring (associated with elastin, collagen, and phospholipids)

1582

Pyrimidine ring (nucleic acids) and heme protein

1606–1620

aromatic amino acids, C = C stretching mode of tyrosine and tryptophan (p)

1627–1700

Amide I

1657–1660

aromatic amino acid in proteins and C = C olefinic stretch unsaturated fatty acid

1730–1750

C = O symm. Glycans and glycogen

2850–2875

CH2 symmetric stretch of lipids; CH2 asymmetric stretch of lipids + proteins

2885–2908

CH2 asymmetric stretch of lipids and proteins

2945–2957

CH3 asymmetric stretch of proteins; aliphatic and aromatic CH stretching vibrations in nucleic acids