Fig. 33
From: Recent advances in gene delivery nanoplatforms based on spherical nucleic acids
A model for FANA-SNA. Hybridizing dodecanediol (20 units) to FANA-ASO gapmer (18 nt) makes an SNA with a low polydispersity and well-defined size and shape. The spacer region is modified to optimize the activity of SNAs. (N, n, PO, and PS represent nucleotides, the number of nucleotides, phosphodiester backbone, and phosphorothioate backbone respectively). This figure was redrawn with permission from ref [181]