Table 2 Organ-on-a-chip for studying pregnancy-related phenomena (focusing on placenta-on-a-chip)
From: Organ-on-a-chip: future of female reproductive pathophysiological models
Model category | Cell types | Culture environment | Device characteristics | Culture characteristics | Significance | Year/Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ Human trophoblasts (JEG-3) λ HUVECs | λ Medium: JEG-3: DMEM + 10% FBS + 1% penicillin/streptomycin; HUVECs: EBMTM-2 basal medium + Endothelial Cell Growth Medium-2 MV Bullet Kit λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ Two PDMS slabs containing microchannel features: 500 μm × 200 μm (width × height) λ A vitrified collagen membrane λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: 30 µl/h λ Coating: 40 µg/ml of fibronectin and 1.5% gelatin | Transport function of placental barrier—lucos transport | 2016/ [16] |
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ Human trophoblasts (BeWo) λ HUVECs | λ Medium: Bewo: Ham’s F-12 K + 10% FBS + 40 µg/mL gentamicin; HUVECs: endothelial cell growth medium kit | λ Two PDMS microchannels features: 1 mm× 200 μm (width × height) λ A polycarbonate membrane containing 400 nm pores λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: 2 µl/h λ Coating: collagen I | Transport function of placental barrier—glucose transport | 2020/ [86] |
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ Human trophoblasts (BeWo) λ HPVECs | λ Medium: BeWo: DMEM/F-12 K + 10% FBS + 1% L-glutamine + 1% penicillin/streptomycin; HPVECs: EGM-2 medium + 2% FBS λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ Two PDMS slabs containing microchannel features: 1.5 cm×1 mm×135 μm λ A vitrified collagen membrane λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: 100 µl/h λ Coating: 0.1 mg/ml human fibronectin solution | Transport function of placental barrier—glucose transport | 2016/ [87] |
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ Ditto | λ Ditto | λ Ditto | λ Ditto | Transport function of placental barrier—drug transport (Glyburide) | 2018/ [88] |
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ Ditto | λ Medium: BeWo: Ham’s F-12 K + 10% FBS; HUVECs: EBM + endothelial cell growth supplement + FBS λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ Two PDMS slabs containing microchannel features: 400 μm × 100 μm (width × height) λ A 0.4micron pore-sized polyester track etched membrane λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: 50 µl/h λ Coating: / | Transport function of placental barrier—caffeine transport | 2019/ [89] |
Fetal membrane decidua-on-a-Chip (FMi-OOC) and placenta-on-a-Chip (PLA-OOC) | λ Human decidua and fetal membrane cell λ Human placenta cell line | λ Medium: DEC: DMEM/F-12 + 10% FBS + 10% penicillin/streptomycin + 10% amphotericin B; AEC: KSFM medium + 30 µg/mL bovine pituitary extract + 0.1ng/mL epidermal growth factor + 0.4 mM CaCl2 + 0.5 mg/mL primocin; AMC + CMC: DMEM/F-12 + 5% FBS + 10% penicillin/streptomycin + 10% amphotericin B; CTC: DMEM/F-12 + 0.20% FBS + 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol + 0.5% penicillin/streptomycin + 0.3% BSA + 1× ITS-X + 2 µM CHIR99021 + 0.05 µM A83-01 + 1.5 µg/mL l-ascorbic acid + 50 ng/mL epithelial growth factor + 0.08 mM VPA + 1× Revitacell λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ FMi-OOC: four concentric-shaped culture compartments (one for maternal cells and three for fetal cells) λ PLA-OOC: STB + CTB + HUVEC chambers: 250 μm in height λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: / λ Coating: type IV basement membrane collagen Matrigel and collagen type 1 | Transport function of placental barrier—drug transport and metabolism (Statin) | 2022/ [90] |
Placental barrier on-a-chip | λ Human trophoblasts (BeWo) λ HPVECs | λ Medium: BeWo: DMEM + 10% FBS + 1% penicillin-streptomycin; HUVECs: complete human endothelial cell medium λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ The top and bottom perfusion lanes features: 300 μm × 220 μm (width × height) λ The middle lane features: 350 μm × 220 μm (width × height) λ A meniscus pinning barrier λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: / λ Coating: / | Transporter function, barrier function and hormone secretion | 2023/ [94] |
Placenta-on-a-chip | λ Ditto | λ Medium: BeWo: DMEM/F-12 + 15% FBS + 1× L-Glutamine + 1% penicillin-streptomycin; HUVECs: ECM medium λ Temperature: 37 °C; O2: 95%; CO2: 5% | λ The top and bottom microchannels features: 2 mm×350 μm×200 μm λ The middle matrix channel features: 2 mm×300 μm×50 μm λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: 20 µl/h λ Coating: Collage I | Barrier function of placental—TiO2 NPs | 2019/ [96] |
Placental Nanoparticle Uptake-On-a-Chip | λ BeWo | λ Medium: BeWo: Ham’s F-12 K + 10% FBS + 1% L-Glutamine + 1% penicillin–streptomycin–neomycin λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ The microfluidic channel: 50 mm×5 mm×450 μm λ Device material: / λ Fabrication method: / | λ Flow rate: 22.89µL/min λ Coating: gelatin | Barrier function of placental—Placental Nanoparticle Uptake | 2022/ [98] |
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ Human trophoblasts (BeWo) λ HVTs | λ Medium: BeWo: Ham’s F-12 + 10% FBS + 50 µg/ml kanamycin sulfate; HVTs: trophoblast medium + FBS + trophoblast growth factors λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ The upper layer channel: 15 mm×2 mm×200 μm λ The bottom layer channel: 20 mm×2 mm×200 μm λ The VC membrane: 10 μm thickness λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: 5 µl/h λ Coating: / | Intrusion function: to provide molecular insight into the microvilli-mediated mechanoresponsive cellular functions | 2015/ [104] |
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ Human trophoblast cells λ dNK cells | λ Medium: tophoblast cells: DMEM + 20% FCS + 1 mM sodium pyruvate + 1× MEM non-essential amino acids + 2 mM L-glutamine, 10 units/ml penicillin + 100 µg/ml streptomycin + 2 mg/ml gentamycin; dNK cells: RPMI1640 + antibiotics + 10% FCS and 2.5 ng/ml IL-15 λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ The dimensions of each device: 4.5 × 2.3 cm with the length, width and height of each channel of 20 300 μm, 1300 μm and 150 μm respectively λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: 50 µl/h λ Coating: Matrigel | Intrusion function: to quantify the migratory characteristics of primary trophoblast cells to model EVT migration | 2017/ [105] |
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ Human first trimester placenta cells (HTR8/SVneo) λ HUVECs | λ Medium: HTR8/SVneo: DMEM/F-12 + 1% penicillin–streptomycin + 2 mM L-glutamine + 10% FBS + 10 mM HEPES; HUVECs: complete medium + EGM-2 Plus medium λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ The center of the 3D microfluidic chip with the central compartment, outer channels (width: 200 μm), and pillar barrier (width: 50 μm), filled with pillars (pillar spacing: 3 μm) λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: / | λ Flow rate: 0.01/0.05/0.1 µl/min λ Coating: extracellular matrix | Intrusion function: to recreate the placental invasion microenvironment | 2021/ [106] |
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ hiPSC | λ Medium: mTeSR1 medium λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ The first layer: PMMA, 90 × 50 × 4 mm3 λ The second layer: PDMS, 76 × 26 × 4 mm3 λ The third layer: PDMS, 76 × 26 × 1.5 mm3 λ The fourth layer: PMMA, 90 × 50 × 5 mm3 λ Device material: PMMA and PDMS λ Fabrication method: laser cutting and customized cutting die technology | λ Flow rate: 1 ml/min λ Coating: 0.5 mm thick Matrigel | Intrusion function: to create an in vitro placental trophoblast-like model with major cell types of the human placenta, including CTBs, differentiated subtypes, STBs, and EVTs | 2022/ [107] |
Placenta-on-a-Chip | λ hTSCs | λ Medium: hTSCs: TS medium + DMEM/F-12 + 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol + 0.2% FBS + 0.5% Penicillin–Streptomycin + 0.3% HAS + 1% ITS-X supplement + 1.5 mg/mL L-ascorbic acid + 50 ng/mL EGF + 2 mM CHIR99021 + 0.5 mM A83-01 + 1 mM SB431542 + 0.8 mM VPA + 5 mM Y27632; HUVECs: Collagen I-coated plates and maintained in endothelial cell medium (ECM) λ Temperature: 37 °C; CO2: 5% | λ The upper and lower layers with microchannel: 20 × 1.2 × 0.2mm3 λ Device material: PDMS λ Fabrication method: soft lithography technology | λ Flow rate: 10µL/h λ Coating: hTSCs: Collagen IV; HUVECs: Collagen I | Intrusion function: to describe a biomimetic placental barrier model of hTSCs in a perfused organ chip system | 2023/ [108] |