Fig. 5

Toxic components in S. aureus EVs that can induce harmful effects on host cells. (A) Bacterial EV type-dependent ultrastructural changes in host cell organelles after EV infection, implying the pathogenic effects of S. aureus EVs, in contrast to those of S. epidermidis EVs. (B) Representative STORM images of the EVs immunolabeled for protein A and enterotoxin B. (C) The quantitative analysis for the amount of the protein A and enterotoxin B in single EV. (n = 10, mean ± SD) (D) Representative STORM images and quantitative analysis of mitochondria, ER, and Golgi apparatus in HaCaT cells treated with protein A. (ns: p > 0.05, ***p < 0.001) Scale bars: (B) 100 nm, (D) 5 μm (left, middle), 1 μm (right)