Fig. 11

A Schematic representation of nanobiotechnology combines ferroptosis with immunotherapy. VS2-PEG NSs achieve synergistic treatment of ferroptosis and immunotherapy by depleting GSH and regulating the immune microenvironment, which includes enhancing the tumor infiltration of T cells and dendritic cells, and reducing the proportion of Treg cells and M2-type macrophages. B DC maturation (CD80⁺ CD86⁺) in tumors, gating on CD11c⁺ cells; C CD8⁺ T cells in CD3⁺ CD45⁺ T cells in the tumor; D CD80⁺ F4/80⁺ M1 macrophages in CD11b⁺ CD45⁺ cells in the tumor; E CD206⁺ F4/80⁺ M2 macrophages in CD11b⁺ CD45⁺ cells in the tumor; F Foxp3⁺ CD4⁺ Tregs in CD3⁺ CD45⁺ T cells in the tumor. G1, PBS; G2, α-PD-1; G3, VS2-PEG; and G4, VS2-PEG + α-PD-1. G–L Detection of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity, cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 in tumors