Fig. 1

Key Structural Features of Nanobodies Compared to Conventional Antibodies. Unlike conventional antibodies with both heavy and light chains, HCAbs lack light chains, enabling the isolation of VHH genetic fragments, also known as nanobodies (Nb). B. Conventional mAbs consist of two heavy and two light chains, together forming two identical antigen-binding sites. Each binding site comprises non-covalently linked variable domains, designated VH and VL. Adapted illustration [7]