Table 6 Nanobody therapies for infectious diseases

MR3

SARS-CoV-2

RBD

Bivalent Nb; bispecific Nb; VHH-Fc

Preclinical

[99]

D7,D3

Ehrlichia infection

TASS effector

CPP-Nb conjugation

Preclinical

[99]

CeVICA

SARS-CoV-2

RBD

Nb-His tag

Preclinical

[99]

Fu2

SARS-CoV-2

RBD

Bispecific; bivalent; trivalent; VHH-Fc

Preclinical

[99]

125 s

Chronic hepatitis B infection

Hepatitis B surface antigen

VHH-Fc

Clinical Trials

[99]

VUN100

Latent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection

Signaling of the viral receptor US28

Nb–photosensitizer conjugates; bivalent Nb; Nb-His tag

Preclinical

[99]

NB7-14

Influenza H7N9 virus

HA

Bivalent Nb

Preclinical

[100]

anti-TMPRSS2

Human coronaviruses causing common colds

HKU-1

VHH-Fc

Preclinical

[101]

Nb-M4

Diarrhea due to norovirus

GII.4 HuNoV

Complex with GII.4 capsid protein

Preclinical

[100}

NbCXCR4

HIV

HIV coreceptor CXCR4

FITC-conjugated siRNA

Preclinical

[99]

Pfs230-specific Nb

P. falciparum malaria

Pfs230

Binds to distinct sites of the 6-cysteine domains of Pfs230

Preclinical

[102]

Nb6,Nb8,Nb10,Nb11

Septicemia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A

Neutralization Nbs for PEA

Preclinical

[103]