Fig. 6
Copyright 2013 by the European Association of Urology [283]. b The implementation of a near-infrared (NIR) probe for detecting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in mice. The images show NIR imaging-assisted sentinel lymph node (SLN) surgery in a mouse model of orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer. Copyright 2020 by Wiley–VCH [284]
Two different applications: a The use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles for identifying metastases in normally-sized pelvic LN in individuals with bladder and prostate cancer. These nanoparticles are absorbed by macrophages, resulting in a reduced signal in T2- or T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This reduction is not observed in malignant LN (indicated by an arrow) due to their lower macrophage count and minimal absorption of USPIO nanoparticles, unlike benign LN (marked by an arrowhead).