Fig. 1

Development and characterization of nanosystems. a Schematic representation depicting the process of generating nanoemulsions through the ethanol injection method. Briefly, oils (VitE and/or OA and M) and surfactants (SM and/or PC, PA, PI, PS and PG) were mixed in an ethanolic organic phase (step 1). Subsequently, this mixture was injected in ultrapure water (step 2) and the diverse nanosystems were spontaneously formed (step 3) at room temperature. b Summary of the components that make up the lipid nanosystems. VitE Vitamin E, SM Sphingomyelin, OA Oleic acid, M Mygliol, PC Phosphatidylcholine, PI Phosphatidylinositol, PS Phosphatidylserine, PG Phosphatidylglycerol, PA Palmitic acid