Fig. 8
TGF-βR1 inhibitor (LY2157299)-loaded VitE:SM nanoemulsions diminish liver metastasis in an intrasplenic KPC metastasis model. a Schematic of the liver metastasis model involving the injection of KPC/mCherry cells into the spleen before organ resection using a cauterizer (C). L Liver. S  Spleen. SV Splenic Vein. b Schematic representation of the intervention schedules in the liver metastasis model experiment. Spleens were injected with 25,000 KPC/mCherry cells, and retro-orbital VitE:SM nanoemulsions treatments were initiated on day 2 post-intrasplenic injection and continued for 16 days, administering three doses (25 mg/kg) per week. c) Weight of the liver (left) or Tumor (T) + adjacent PM (right) ± SD. Data were collected from two independent experiments; Control (n = 11) and VitE:SM:LY:TF (n = 10). d Representative macroscopic liver images from c. An arrow marks the metastasis in the liver. Scale = 1cm. e Representative H&E staining from samples obtained from the right lobe of the liver from d. Scales = 400µm. Zoom areas are depicted within squares. Scales = 100 µm. CV  Central vein, S   Sinusoids. f Percentage of KPC/mCherry cells infiltrated in the liver. Bars represent the mean fold change ± SD, with Control set as 1.0. g Densitometric analysis of CRE/Gapdh PCR from Figure S8. Murine Gapdh was used as a housekeeping control. Bars represent the mean fold change ± SD, with Control set as 1.0. h Flow cytometry analysis of the M2 TAM marker CD206 within the CD11b +  < F480 + population. Bars represent the mean fold change ± SD, with Control set as 1.0. Unpaired t test ∗  = p < 0.05; ∗  ∗  = p < 0.01; ∗  ∗  ∗  = p < 0.001; ∗  ∗  ∗  ∗  = p < 0.0001; ns  not significant