Fig. 6

Impact of DSCM@EVs on Reprogramming of M1-Type Macrophages. Note: (A-B) RT-qPCR was used to assess the gene expression levels of M1 macrophage markers Nos2, Ccr7, and Cd86, as well as M2 macrophage markers Arg1, Cd206, and Il-10 in the spinal cord tissues of mice in each group; (C-D) Immunofluorescence double staining was performed on spinal cord tissues of mice from each group on Day 7 and Day 42 post-SCI. The staining visualized the infiltration of total macrophages and M2 macrophages, with DAPI staining the nuclei in blue, F4/80 staining total macrophages in green (Blue arrows), CD206 staining M2 macrophages in red (White arrows), scale bar = 50 μm; (E) Total macrophage count in Figures C-D; (F) M2 macrophage count in Figures C-D; (G) Proportion of M2 macrophages to total macrophages in Figures C-D; (H-I) RT-qPCR analysis was conducted to measure the gene expression levels of M1 macrophage markers Nos2, Ccr7, and Cd86, as well as M2 macrophage markers Arg1, Cd206, and Il-10 in macrophages from each group. Each group consisted of 6 mice, * indicates a comparison between two groups, P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Cell experiments were repeated at least three times