Fig. 5

CUR-NE increases the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine and protects anti-inflammatory macrophages from ferroptosis. (A) Dose-dependent increase in IL-10 from LPS-activated macrophages exposed to CUR-NE, DF-NE (volume-matched to the highest concentration of CUR-NE), and CUR FD (40 \(\:\mu\:\)M). Each bar represents mean ± SD. n = 3/group, independent cell culture, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (B) Dose-response curve for CUR-NE, volume-matched DF-NE, CUR FD, and Ferrostatin-1. Macrophage viability was assessed post exposure to RSL3, an ferroptosis inducer. n = 6/group, ns not significant, **p < 0.005, ****p < 0.00005