Fig. 5

CZP NPs promote the activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. (a) The detection of mitochondrial DNA copy number in 4T1 cells after indicated treatments (n = 4). (b) The expression of cGAS and cGAS target genes including (c)IFNB1, (d)CXLC10, (e)ISG56, and (f)ISG15 in 4T1 cells with the indicated treatment (n = 3–5). (g-i) Western blot analysis of p-STING, p-TBK1, STING, and TBK1 protein levels in 4T1 cells after various treatment. β-actin was used as the control (n = 3). (j) Representative flow cytometry images of mature DCs after different treatments. (k) Representative flow cytometry images and (l) corresponding quantification data of PD-L1 expression on 4T1 cells following different treatments (n = 3)