Fig. 1

Synthesis and characterization of NVs, UDCA-NVs, and UDCA-NVs-TPP. a) Schematic diagram of the preparation of NVs, loading of UDCA into NVs to form UDCA-NVs, and modification of UDCA-NVs with DSPE-PEG2000-TPP to form UDCA-NVs-TPP. b) EE and LE of NVs for various dosages of UDCA. c) Zeta potential of NVs, UDCA-NVs, and UDCA-NVs-TPP. d) TEM images of NVs, UDCA-NVs, and UDCA-NVs-TPP, scale bar = 100 nm. e) Hydrodynamic sizes of NVs, UDCA-NVs, and UDCA-NVs-TPP. f) Verification of labeled proteins in NVs and UDCA-NVs-TPP by protein imprinting