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Fig. 6 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 6

From: Extracellular vesicle-mediated bidirectional communication between the liver and other organs: mechanistic exploration and prospects for clinical applications

Fig. 6

Therapeutic effects of MSC-EVs on liver diseases. MSC-EVs carry a variety of bioactive molecules that target different molecular mechanisms to mitigate liver injury by inhibiting fibrosis, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and other pathological changes in the liver. Abbreviation: Smad4: smad family member 4; PPP2R3A: protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B’’alpha; GNAS: guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha stimulating; ERK: extracellular regulated protein kinases; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; CXCL1: CXC chemokine ligand-1; TGFBR2: transforming growth factor beta receptor 2; p38MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; E2F1:E2F transcription factor 1; ALF: acute liver failure; CLD: chronic liver damage; HIRI: hepatic ischemia‒reperfusion injury; AIH: autoimmune hepatitis; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HPCs: hepatocytic progenitor cells

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Journal of Nanobiotechnology

ISSN: 1477-3155

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