Fig. 3

Assessments of the cell uptake of MSPC and the biological effects in 4T1 cells. (A) CLSM pictures of 4T1 cells exposed to MSPC were co-stained with Mito-Tracker or Lyso-Tracker, along with the corresponding correlation graph depicting the relationship between the red and green fluorescence. Scale bars, 25 μm. (B) CLSM images of ROS levels in 4T1 cells treated with MSPC with or without light irradiation using DCFH-DA as a ROS indicator. Scale bar, 25 μm. (C) Cell proliferation of 4T1 cells after different treatments was detected by EdU-488 reagent. Scale bar, 100 μm. Assessment of cellular energy metabolism includes (D) ATP production, (E) basal respiration, (F) maximal respiration, and (G) proton leak. (H) The level of lactate in 4T1 cells treated with PBS + L or MSPC + L for different periods. Data presents as mean ± SD, n = 3 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). (I) The cell scratch test of 4T1 cells following treatments