Fig. 4
From: Extracellular particles: emerging insights into central nervous system diseases
EPs as novel actors for intercellular communication and potential diagnostic tool in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the pathological conditions of PD, damaged motor neurons accelerate microglial and macrophage inflammation through EPs, and microglial or astroglia-derived EPs induce aggregation of α-syn, accelerating disease progression. Additionally, the portion of EPs that crosses the blood-brain barrier can be used as a potential biomarker for PD diagnosis. (Figure created with BioRender)