Fig. 2

Fabrication and characterization of the OGG/CMCS hydrogels. (a)–(c) Scanning electron microscopy images depicting OGG/CMCS hydrogels with OGG concentrations of 1.0% (a), 1.5% (b), and 2.0% (c), respectively. Scale bar: 20 µm. (d)-(e) Frequency-dependent (d) and strain-dependent (e) rheology analysis of the hydrogels. (f) Compressive stress-strain profiles of the hydrogels. (g) Histogram of the maximum compressive stress of hydrogels. (h) Viscosity changes in hydrogels with increasing shear rates. (i) Injectability and extrudability of the hydrogel through a syringe. (j) Stretchability assessment of the hydrogel. (k) Variation of G’ and G’’ with time during continuous step strain measurement in 1% and 400% strain cycles. (l) Light transmittance of the hydrogels across wavelengths from 400 to 750 nm.