Fig. 3

BT-apoEVs promote osteoclastic differentiation in vitro. (A) Fluorescence images of PKH26-labeled apoEVs and BT-apoEVs internalized by BMMs (Scale bar = 20 μm). (B) Live/dead staining of BMMs after treatment (Scale bar = 200 μm). (C) Representative images of TRAP staining in the control, apoEV, and BT-apoEV group (Scale bar = 200 μm). (D) Quantification of TRAP-positive osteoclasts (n = 6). (E) Immunofluorescence images of osteoclast cytoskeleton (Scale bar = 200 μm). (F) In vitro osteoclastic-related gene expression of BMMs measured by qPCR assay (n = 3). (G) Western blotting showed the expression of markers related to osteoclastic differentiation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01