Table 2 Comparative analysis of photothermal conversion efficiency among different nanomaterials

2D niobium carbide (Nb2C) nanosheets

808 nm

1064 nm

34.9%

46.65%

[33]

As semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (As SPs)

808 nm

~ 71%

[34]

Thiophene-benzene-diketopyrrolopyrrole (TBD)-based polymer nanoparticles

808 nm

68.1%

[35]

Au plasmonic blackbodies

1064 nm

808 nm

80.8%

88.6%

[36]

Au nanomatryoshkas

808 nm

63%

[37]

Au nanoshells

808 nm

39%

[37]

Polymer NP@ FeIII/tannic acid shell

498 nm

40%

[38]

Electron donor–acceptor conjugated semiconducting. polymer nanoparticles

635 nm

62.3%

[39]