Fig. 3

Pg-derived OMVs inhibits bone regeneration in vivo. A OMVs were isolated from Pg, and their morphological analysis was examined by TEM (scale bar = 200 nm). B The particle size of Pg-derived OMVs was detected by NTA analysis. C The schematic diagram of the animal experiment. D Representative micro-CT images of the extraction sockets in control group and OMVs group (scale bar = 2 mm). E–G Micro-CT analysis indicated a notable decrease in BV/TV, Tb.N, and Tb.Th of the extraction sockets by Pg-derived OMVs (control group: n = 6; OMVs group: n = 6). H The new bone formation of the extraction sockets was detected by H&E staining (scale bar = 400 μm). I The Masson staining results (scale bar = 400 μm)